The ‘Birdlife’ Calendar Presents Their Photos For 2022

The Papuan Pitta is one of our more mysterious rainforest residents. These small, ground-dwelling birds migrate from New Guinea to breed in the humid rainforests of northern Cape York Peninsula during the wet season (between December and March). Despite their bright plumage, these secretive birds are more easily heard than seen ‒ but can be spotted alone or in pairs, foraging among the leaf litter for prey.

Dollarbirds ‒ so named after the large pale spot on each wing that resemble silver dollars ‒ arrive in northern and eastern Australia to breed from September, then return to New Guinea and Indonesia
at the end of summer.

These high-flying rollers are often seen on exposed perches like dead branches or powerlines, from which they launch in skilled pursuit of their insect prey.

Eastern Curlews are the world’s largest shorebirds. Each year, they leave their breeding grounds in Russia and China to make an epic journey to the coasts of Australia, using the Earth’s magnetic field to navigate as they trace invisible flyways in the sky.

Eastern Curlews are found only in the East Asian‒Australasian Flyway. But sadly, the mudflats they depend on along their migration route are being destroyed ‒ and curlew numbers have declined by more than 80 percent in just over 30 years.

The Cape Petrel is a regular visitor to southern Australian waters in the colder months, where they roam the seas in search of krill, fish and small squid.

These unmistakeable black-and-white seabirds breed in colonies in Antarctica and on subantarctic islands, where they nest on cliffs or on flat ground.

While nesting, they are notoriously aggressive, spraying a foul-smelling stomach oil, both as a defence against predators and an energy-rich food source for their chicks.

The Critically Endangered Orange-bellied Parrot is one of the world’s rarest birds, and one of only a few migratory species of parrots. Every year, these small parrots breed in south-western Tasmania during summer before making the long journey across Bass Strait to spend the winter in coastal Victoria and South Australia.

Five years ago, Orange-bellied Parrots were teetering on the edge of extinction ‒ their numbers had plunged to just 17 birds ‒ but today, through careful management, their population is steadily increasing.

If on a still day you hear the tik, tik, tik of what sounds like a twig snapping, you might be eavesdropping on the quiet chatter of the picture-perfect Pink Robin.

Pink Robins inhabit forests across south-eastern Australia, where they breed in dark, damp eucalypt gullies or cool temperate rainforest. In the winter, they often move into drier, more open habitats, including woodland.

For Perth locals, Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoos wheeling across the city skyline are a familiar sight (and sound!) as they migrate to the Swan Coastal Plain from early summer. Then in July, these noisy flocks return to the Wheatbelt, searching for nesting hollows.

Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoos aren’t fussy eaters ‒ their powerful bills are perfect for crunching through banksia seedpods and gum nuts. They have a taste for pinecones too, and pine plantations provide an important feeding habitat. However, widespread land clearing, especially in the Wheatbelt, has caused their population to plummet by 50 percent in the last 50 years ‒ and they’re listed as endangered.

The Critically Endangered Swift Parrot is one of only a few migratory parrots in Australia. Twice a year, these remarkable birds cross Bass Strait ‒ one of the world’s most treacherous bodies of water ‒ migrating from their Tasmanian breeding grounds to south-eastern Australia.

Nicknamed Zebra Ducks, Pink-eared Ducks are easily recognized by their racing-stripe plumage. Their oddly-shaped bills allow them to suck water through the tip of their bill, then expel it through the grooves along the side, which filter out the tiny invertebrates they feed on.

Like many inland waterbirds, Pink-eared Ducks are nomadic ‒ they go wherever there is food and water, moving irregularly in response to rainfall. Huge flocks sometimes congregate on large open wetlands, but they can appear anywhere there’s standing water.

The aerial acrobatics of the Rufous Fantail are a sight to behold. Occurring mostly in rainforests and wet forests, these dainty birds feed in the air ‒ diving and twisting about in a blur of colour as they catch flying insects.

These restless birds are constantly on the move ‒ and in the spring, they migrate to south-eastern Australia to breed, before heading back north in the cooler months. While on migration, they can appear in unexpected places like urban parks and gardens.

In November, the spectacular Buff-Breasted Paradise Kingfisher migrates from New Guinea to its breeding grounds in the Wet Tropics of North Queensland where they nest in termite mounds or rotting logs.

Despite their brilliant plumage, they are shy and surprisingly difficult to spot ‒ listen for their loud piping “chop” call, each note accompanied by a flick of their long tail streamers.

In most years, Crimson Chats are winter visitors to northern Australia and summer visitors to the south. But when drought hits hard and the saltbush stops fruiting, resulting in fewer insects, Crimson Chats irrupt ‒ arriving in large flocks in places they’re seldom recorded ‒ in search of food and water.

Down south, flashes of crimson among golden fields of canola may be a sight to behold, but it’s a worrying indicator of the severity of the drought they’re escaping.